In a vertical subdivision, which element is separated from ownership of the rest of the property?

In a vertical subdivision, the defining feature is the division of property into separate ownerships along a vertical plane, which is particularly important in urban settings where buildings may be constructed in close proximity. This concept allows for the separation of various components of a property into distinct ownerships.

The correct answer encompasses all aspects of the property: subsurface, surface, and air space. In a vertical subdivision, the subsurface can be divided for different uses such as parking, utilities, or storage. The surface may be owned independently, often as a residential or commercial unit, while the air space above can be utilized for additional structures such as balconies, penthouses, or signage.

Thus, the inclusion of all three elements—subsurface, surface, and air space—in vertical subdivisions highlights the multifaceted approach to property ownership in dense developments. This allows for a more efficient use of space and encourages innovative urban design, fulfilling the varied needs of owners and developers.