What process allows an individual to take possession of land that they do not own under certain conditions?

Adverse possession is a legal doctrine that permits an individual to claim ownership of land under specific conditions, even if they do not hold the title. This process typically requires five key elements: continuous and open use of the property for a statutory period, exclusive possession, and the use must be adverse to the interests of the true owner, meaning it does not require permission from them. It essentially allows a person to gain legal title to land, despite not being the original owner, by effectively treating the property as their own over time.

In contrast, the other options focus on different legal concepts related to land use. Easement by prescription allows a person to obtain a right of way over another's property through continuous and open use, but it does not transfer ownership. Squatter's rights often refer informally to the rights of someone occupying a property without permission, but without the legal foundation of adverse possession. Encroachment involves a physical intrusion onto another person's property without permission, typically relating to structures or fences, and does not confer ownership rights. These distinctions highlight why adverse possession is the correct answer in the context of taking ownership of land under specified conditions.